PSYCHOLOGY OF FAKE CONFESSIONS: WHY PEOPLE CONFESS WHAT THEY DIDN’T DO

Abstract

The paper explores the psychological processes involved in the development of false confessions in criminal investigations and trials. The relevance of this issue is underscored by the increasing number of acquittals following the review of cases using modern forensic methods, which points to the presence of judicial errors caused by false confessions. The aim of the study is to identify and systematize the main psychological factors contributing to the emergence of false confessions. It also aims to determine the conditions under which an individual may provide a false admission of guilt in committing a crime. A comprehensive methodological approach was employed, including a theoretical analysis of scientific literature, a comparative review of approaches to assessing the credibility of confessions. The findings of the study indicate that the phenomenon of false confessions has a complex nature and manifests in two primary forms: voluntary false confessions that occur without external coercion, and false confessions given under psychological pressure. Key factors in the formation of false confessions include misinformation, psychological coercion, stress, and specific characteristics of investigative procedures. Minors and individuals with mental disorders are particularly vulnerable to making false confessions. The practical significance of the study lies in the potential application of its findings to improve investigative practices and prevent judicial errors by accounting for the psychological specificities of interrogation and ensuring the protection of vulnerable groups.