METHODOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN STUDYING THE PHENOMENON OF SUBJECTIVITY IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to clarify the main methodological problems of studying subjectivity in psychology. For this purpose, theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization, and abstraction were used. It has been established that the concept of subjectivity has a number of interpretations in psychological science. One of the main ones is the definition of subjectivity as a characteristic of active influence on reality, which involves the restructuring of mental models and personal maturity. The main parameters of this phenomenon are independence, uniqueness, self-sufficiency, responsibility, and the ability to navigate extreme situations. The theoretical analysis of the problem of subjectivity research in psychology has revealed a number of problematic aspects of methodology. It has been established that methodological pluralism may create a risk of insufficiently objective and even pseudoscientific approaches in the study of the phenomenon. It has been determined that harmonizing approaches to the problem of subjectivity in domestic and foreign science will allow the full potential of world psychology to be harnessed for the study of this mental phenomenon. It has been found that the absence of a comprehensive theory of the ontogenetic development of subjectivity is a source of methodological difficulties. Solving this problem will allow for more effective planning of empirical research in the context of forming samples from different age intervals. Emphasis is placed on the problem of developing and using valid and reliable methods for researching subjectivity. It is noted that there is an insufficient number of formative studies on this issue. It is concluded that methodological problems in researching subjectivity manifest themselves at all stages of the scientific research process. To overcome them, it is advisable to create a comprehensive, structured, logical, dynamic model of scientific research of subjectivity that harmoniously combines theoretical, empirical, and formative components. We see prospects for further research on this issue in the collection and statistical analysis of empirical data on the manifestations and structural components of subjectivity.